International marketing management

International marketing management Understanding the culture in a country or region in which we are doing business is a critical skill for the international business person. Without this knowledge, a successful outcome to the business venture can be in jeopardy. Culture is the quality in a person or society is regard to excellent in art, manners etc. Definition of culture: culture is the identity of a nation; culture is the achievement deposit of general knowledge, religion, hierarchies, belief, values, and experience by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving. Culture is a perception. Its not something that physically touched or seen. Culture is the environment and relation between one with other. Culture is communication and communication is culture. Different culture: we can describe the culture differentiation by related cultures, Psychology and culture. Culture differences vary on people behaviour, attitude, religion and experience. Related culture refers to that different nation management based on its cultural attitude; Cultural system makes management its own differentiation between others. Psychology and culture is the behaviour or thinking differences between others, for example, village cultural people normally their profession is farming and when they try to do any business or something their thinking starts from farming that how to grow more crops because its their main profession culture and the other hand the people who buy the crops they will try to improved the business and their thinking will get more crops in cheap price or they can sell that in high price in the market. Culture and business behaviour, Business policy or style are based on culture, business works run their own cultural way. Without the cultural attitude a good business run is impossible. In different culture business behaviour is vary on its cultural attitude. How the affect of culture on marketing policy: differences of culture is important to know for a multinational firms, its provide the knowledge of innovation and the policy of marketing. Marketing based on cultural equality with the good quality of brand that can fulfil the cultural demand, cultural needs its important to know for marketing without gaining the knowledge marketing will unimpeachable. The brand loyalty is important for marketing if brand loyalty does not stay longer the marketing will unaffectable. High quality of brand is the key of marketing and culture helps to learn to take brand on the desire position. Brand loyalty reflects its cultural differentional value. Cultural knowledge helps marketing to get the relation with the consumer. Consumer satisfaction is the important part of marketing by providing good brand and keeping brand loyalty is the result of customer in return. In different culture there is different way of marketing in western marketing like such as l eafleting, advertising etc. Marketing is important to keep the customer informed about the new brand and upgrading quality and also new offers that helps to keep the relation with the customer. Good marketing is also the key of good business. According to Nakata and Sivakumar (2001) suggest that the implement of marketing concepts can be expressed in the generation, dissemination, and national culture. International marketing affect on culture: culture nature assess to managers is essential for international market. We explain the affectedness in eight categories is below. Language is very important for communication and communication is the important part for marketing. In global marketing the languages may vary use difference languages. In marketing it is very important to make customer understand that what the product we are trying to sell. In this case language is very important, customer will not talk on my language, I have to talk on customer language to explain them the features of the product. Religion is another nature of culture. Organization needs to make sure that the products and services are not unlawful; distasteful to local nation otherwise it will lose its market position and the demand. For an example, In Arabic countries if we try to marketing wine, beer or any kind of alcohol, the market value will very poor and it might get the cultural reaction. Religion is people believed, that people respect and no one wants to go beyond their religion. So in international marketing a marketer must have to be careful about the religion on his marketing process. Values and attitude vary between nations, so before to take a product to other culture or nation we have make sure that it does not make affect on their tradition and dignity. For example in china Nike TV was manufactured by US was banned because to advertise the TV they animated a cartoon of kung fu masters and dragons and Chinese people didnt except that because they thought it was insult on their nation dignity. Education in international market will vary. In international marketing is important to know the nations education level and the percentiles of educated people. Where the literacy level is low there advertising on the news paper or on magazine will not that affect able. To marketing on that nations radio or TV advertising will be much affect able. Media plays an important role on this ground and in high literacy culture newspaper or paper leaflet plays royal role. Social organizations are how a nation is organized. For example, whats the position of women in this society, how is the country governed or civilized. Technology and Material Culture are also important for international Marketing. The value and the power are use for the product that must be affordable, using developed technology the cost can be reduce and also the quality can improved. The product or service has to be in low cost that all classes people are able to buy that. Law and politics will vary in different nations. For an example, in some countries the society based on democratic marketing and on the other hand in Arabic country the marketing is based on Islam and shariah tradition. A marketer has to follow the law and politics to be the gainer or otherwise it will lose its interest. Aesthetics will vary in our sense, taste etc. For example, if something taste good or smell feels good or looks beautiful consumer will go for it again, but all the feature of the product must have to be good, if the one good and not the other it will not be success. International marketer is usually known to do marketing in more than one country. Now a days international marketer plays a important role in the globalization market and better marketing makes better demand. Marketing plays an important role in business and a marketer plays the lead role on this position and thats why experienced and knowledgeable marketer is demandable in the global market. Marketers use different techniques, different policy to get the brand in demandable stage in the market. According to Robert Guang Tian â€Å"It is important for the marketers know that there is no room for ethnocentrism in the 21st Century marketing practice.† Marketers will need to know how to translate an understanding of cultural differences into effective cross-cultural marketing strategies turning them into a direct plan of action. Cultural illusion is natural but to avoid the illusion a marketer must have to be experienced and knowledge about the culture differences. Illusion process in marketing: We can say a better marketing increased the product demand. As we know culture is the identity of a nation and marketing success is based on this identity. Global market has global nature. For an example, if we do marketing for wine in Arabic country it will not worked because all kind of alcohol is forbidden there because of those country are based on their religion Islam. Similarly if we think about marketing of any brand of cloths it also vary on different culture, different cultural people wear their traditional cloths like most of Asian women they would like to wear sharies rather than skirt or other dresses because of its their culture and they feel comfortable by wearing this on the other hand most of the western women even dont know how to wear a sharee they feel more comfortable by wearing jeans, skirt etc because of their culture. Global environment is global trade culture and organization has been trading with each other for centuries and thi s trade without marketing is unthinkable. How illusion creates on marketer: A marketer must focus on getting attention of customer because marketing is for customer without customer there is no marketing. Customers good relationship and keep them return is the marketer responsibility. Marketer have to make the customer understand that the features of the product, advantage and what the specialty on the product that helps the customer to buy the product but have to be able to reduce cost on customer demand -sometimes some of the environmentally preferred materials are more expensive but the firm have to finding ways through scaling the usage of some of these materials to reduce the cost and save money. Every decision start with a problem, a discrepancy between an existing and a desired condition and a smart marketer should know how to treat with those situations. Cultures are not converging. The prediction of a convergence of culturally different markets into a â€Å"one-world† culture that would facilitate standardization of global marketing activities has turned out to be an illusion. Culture does not support for marketing, the marketer have to do the marketing as the environment nature is. To marketing in a different culture a marketer must know the currency, the way of business, customer demand, how to keep the customer satisfaction, how developed service will better for this new environment, whats the different and special feature need to put on the product or services to make differences between others. A marketer has to be careful about customer demand and also the product quality because once it lost the customer demand and satisfaction; the product will be out market. Marketer has to gain customer trust by providing good quality. Cultural differences make marketer to take different strategy or policy. A smart marketer got thei r own policy or strategy to face the different culture. For an example, Recently Nike demands new rules on valuing business, the global chief executive of Nike, one of the most powerful retail brands in the world, has said that companies will have to find more sophisticated ways of judging value and impact on the environment if they are to resist being pushed around by short-term investors seeking a quick profit. The big challenges are twofold. First, moving more Nike business in to direct retail to the customer rather than wholesale supply. Second, tackling shareholder short-termism, which drive a focus on profit margins and bottom lines to the detriment of other considerations of social value post the 2008 crash. People prefer local brands. Typically home product and service is more affect able to the consumer than the foreign product. So some smart marketer does much advertizing and marketing about their product to get their local consumer keep in touch. Local brand is more cheap and reachable for the customer. For an example, Asian countries are famous for spices because of their weather support their cultivation thats why the spices so cheap and consumer reachable but in western countries the weather is not good enough for their cultivation, so most of the spices the import from other counties and this is expensive than the Asian countries and they are capable or expert to use the spices. Accordingly, not only does culture influence marketing; but marketing also influences culture. Marketers can act as agents of changes within a culture. For an example, Wang cares an American computer company was refused in united Kingdom to use their motto because of its name is sound too close of the word ‘wankers which is not good for a company image. A company name and product quality is the key of consumer response. Good quality always gets good response and off course to get the good response marketer plays an important role in marketing but marketer must have to respect the culture or the tradition and laws, without obeying that marketer will not get any space in the market so each marketer have to follow the rules of culture. To marketing a product in to a different culture marketer have to identify the needs of the culture, for an example, In Rajasthan is the one part of India which is full of desert most of the time the land is dry but if we think to marketing their for Umbrella or winter cloths like jacket the marketing will not that much profitable because this nature does not need this product. Marketing research method also creates illusion on marketer. A marketer has to research on the nations marketing strategy; marketing strategy will vary in different nations. Conclusion: In my point of view everyone like their products from their own perspective but the marketer have to make consumer understand how is the product and it going to be useful for them or not and a marketer have to be much smart to face all kind of situation.. So international marketing is very important for the global trade and to achieve the goal international marketing have the culture. Reference: 1. Chris Phillips, Isobel Doole, Robin Lowe, 1994, International marketing strategy: analysis, development, and implementation, p-90, published by routledge. 2. Retrieved 12th February 2010 from: http://www.tamu.edu/classes/cosc/choudhury/culture.html 3. Retrieved 16th February 2010 from: http://www.marketingteacher.com/Lessons/lesson_international_marketing_culture.htm 4. Retrieved 22th February 2010 from: Defining Cross-Cultural Marketing 5. Stanley J. Paliwoda, John K. Ryans, 2008, International marketing, p-582, published by Edward Elgar Publishing Limited. Bibliography: 1. Andrew Bard Schmookler, 2003, The illusion of choice: how the market economy shapes our destiny, published by state University of New York.. 2. George Silverman, The secret of word-of-mouth marketing: how to trigger exponential sales, 2001, Published by AMA publication. 3. Hans Muhlbacher, Helmuth Leihs, Lee Dahringer, 2006, International marketing: a global perspective, 3rd ed, published by Thomson learning. 4. Prof Jean-Claude Usunier and Julie Lee, 2005, Marketing across culture, 4th ed, published by Prentice Hall 5. Philip Kotler, Gary Armstrong, Veronica Wong, John Saunders, 2008, Principles of marketing, 5th European ed, published by Pearson Education Limited. 6. Robert Guang Tian, Ph. D, Associate Professor of Business Administration http://www.studyoverseas.com/america/usaed/crosscultural.htm [access 8th February 2010]

Troubled Youth :: Essays Papers

Troubled Youth Despite many obstacles in my life, my experience performing community service stands out as the most memorable. I was sixteen at the time, and just beginning my first job at a fast food restaurant. I had to learn how to balance between community service in the morning and my employment at the local Wendy’s. It was very stressful and influential at the same time. I performed my community service at a local elementary school. I chose this place because of its relative ease, and it was also an area I could easily get to and from. I started my first day very confused and out of character. The school was very bland, and it brought back memories of the time that I had attended elementary school. Upon first arrival I met the principal of the school. He was my superior and his first impression explained to me what he was all about. He was a fairly easy going man, and was straightforward. I found these qualities to be true with many people that I have met who are of his same stature. He was about the size of the students attending. The irony of this anomaly was the vehicle he drove, a station wagon raised with massive tires and exemplified even more by large round lights placed in between the headlights. I would see the principal’s machine on a regular basis and always think, â€Å"How in the hell does he get in?† After meeting the principal I was taken to meet my fellow co-workers. I met first the head janitor, named Jim. He was very tall, and not very muscular. He was an amazingly friendly man, and I could tell he was passionate about his job, but was very restrained socially because of the people he was forced to communicate with on a daily basis. There were two other janitors who were followers of the head janitor. One was a short black man, named Carl. He had been originally from Kenya, his English was horrible but he was a very life loving man. When he would sporadically speak, it was mainly just to mock his associate janitor. The associate janitor was very enthralling person, his name was Rick. Everybody around me poked fun at at him, sometimes to his face and other times behind his back. This really didn’t matter to him due to the fact that he was mentally unstable. Troubled Youth :: Essays Papers Troubled Youth Despite many obstacles in my life, my experience performing community service stands out as the most memorable. I was sixteen at the time, and just beginning my first job at a fast food restaurant. I had to learn how to balance between community service in the morning and my employment at the local Wendy’s. It was very stressful and influential at the same time. I performed my community service at a local elementary school. I chose this place because of its relative ease, and it was also an area I could easily get to and from. I started my first day very confused and out of character. The school was very bland, and it brought back memories of the time that I had attended elementary school. Upon first arrival I met the principal of the school. He was my superior and his first impression explained to me what he was all about. He was a fairly easy going man, and was straightforward. I found these qualities to be true with many people that I have met who are of his same stature. He was about the size of the students attending. The irony of this anomaly was the vehicle he drove, a station wagon raised with massive tires and exemplified even more by large round lights placed in between the headlights. I would see the principal’s machine on a regular basis and always think, â€Å"How in the hell does he get in?† After meeting the principal I was taken to meet my fellow co-workers. I met first the head janitor, named Jim. He was very tall, and not very muscular. He was an amazingly friendly man, and I could tell he was passionate about his job, but was very restrained socially because of the people he was forced to communicate with on a daily basis. There were two other janitors who were followers of the head janitor. One was a short black man, named Carl. He had been originally from Kenya, his English was horrible but he was a very life loving man. When he would sporadically speak, it was mainly just to mock his associate janitor. The associate janitor was very enthralling person, his name was Rick. Everybody around me poked fun at at him, sometimes to his face and other times behind his back. This really didn’t matter to him due to the fact that he was mentally unstable.

Cardiac case studies Essay

CS 2: 15 points K.R. is a 46-year-old man admitted to the emergency department with unremitting chest discomfort. The pain started while he was shoveling snow from his walkway. He had experienced chest discomfort with activity previously, but the pain had subsided with rest and he sought no medical help. This time the pain did not subside and became increasingly severe, radiating to his left arm and lower jaw. In the emergency department, an ECG and cardiac enzymes were obtained. The cardiac monitor showed sinus tachycardia with occasional premature ventricular complexes. K.R. was treated with 2 L nasal oxygen, tissue plasminogen activator, sublingual nitroglycerin, and IV morphine sulfate. When he was pain free, he was transferred to the cardiac unit for monitoring. Discussion Questions 1.What changes in â€Å"cardiac enzymes† would be consistent with a diagnosis of MI? Troponins(I and T specific to cardiac muscle cells), elevated between 4-6 hours after the inset of an acute MI and remains elevated for 8-12 days. Myoglobin-level increase within 1-4 hours after the onset of chest pain and highly sensitive but not very specific. 2.What is the most common precipitating event for MI? In the most cases of MI plaque rupture followed by thrombus formation at the site is the precipitating event. 3.What is the rationale for using tissue plasminogen activator in the management of ACS? Tissue plasminogen activator if fibrin specific. It binds to the fibrin of fresh clots and the resulting compound converts adjacent plasminogen into plasmin creating localized thrombolysis. 4.Why are morphine and nitroglycerin used to manage ischemic chest pain? It’s a high priority to truce myocardial stimulation by the sympathetic nervous system. Morphine sulfate reduces anxiety and catecholamine secretion and it can reduces preload. And nitroglycerin decreases preload and reduces MVO2. CS 3 15 points: C.J. is a 16-year-old high school student who is in the  clinic for a sports physical prior to beginning basketball practice. He has no known significant medical history, takes no medications, and has no allergies. A review of systems reveals only that C.J. gets â€Å"winded† earlier than most boys on the team. He attributes this to needing to get in better shape. The physical exam is unremarkable except for a grade III systolic murmur heard over the entire precordium. An echocardiogram and cardiac cath reveals a ventricular septal defect (VSD) with moderate pulmonary hypertension.Discussion Questions 1.A VSD is usually an acyanotic defect. Why is this?  The blood being shunted is oxygenated blood from the left ventricle shunted to the right because pressures on the left are higher. 2.What is the mechanism and significance of pulmonary hypertension? The mechanism of pulmonary hypertension is due to increased blood volume within the pulmonary circuit form the VSD. Pressure is the product of CO and vascular resistance. From this case pressure is high secondary to increased CO and the primary pulmonary hypertension, the cause is increased pulmonary vascular resistance. Pulmonary hypertension can lead to cor pulmonale and right-sided heart failure. 3.What other disorders besides VSD can produce a systolic murmur? How can character of the murmur and pattern of radiation be used to differentiate among these etiologic factors? Systolic murmurs can be produced by mitral valve prolapse, aortic or pulmonary stenosis, and mitral or tricuspid regurgitation. Heart sounds are produced in some different areas of the heart and have different characteristics: Aortic stenosis- right second intercostal space, mid systolic, crescendo decrescendo and radiates to the neck. 4.Is it necessary to close a VSD? What are the common complications of untreated VSD? No, it is mot always imperative to close VSDs spending on patient’s age,size of defect and degree of shunt. Common complications include- pulmonary hypertension, cardiomegaly, atrial dysrhythmia and right sided heart failure. Reference Richard N. Fogoros, M.D. Heart Disease Expert. About health. WebMD Web site. Available at: http://heartdisease.about.com/od/heartattack/g/CardiacEnzymes.htm. Published September 10, 2014. Accessed October 21th 2014. Anju T. Peters, Kathryn E. Hulse, Lydia A. Fibrin Deposition in Nasal Polyps Caused by Fibrinolytic Impairment through Reduction of Tissue Plasminogen Activator Expression. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 189:12, 1487-1493 Sepideh Jabbari, Hassan Ghassemian. Modeling of heart systolic murmurs based on multivariate matching pursuit for diagnosis of valvular disorders. June 21, 2011. Volume 41, Issue 9, Pages 802–811 Ventricular Septal Defects.Patient.co.uk.WebMD Web site. Available at:http://www.patient.co.uk/doctor/ventricular-septal-defects. Published Mar 31, 2014.Accessed October 21th 2014. Alyson A. Tamamoto, MD.Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease. Case based pediatrics.WebMD Web site. Available at: http://www.hawaii.edu/medicine/pediatrics/pedtext/s07c02.html.Published July 2013. Accessed October 21th 2014.

Ib Hl History Ia - 1632 Words

HL History Internal Assessment Was President Ronald Reagan the reason for the Cold War’s conclusion? Word Count: 1,634 Was President Ronald Reagan the reason for the Cold War’s conclusion? A. Plan of Investigation This investigation focuses on the impact that President Ronald Reagan had on ending the Cold War between the United States of America and the Soviet Union during the 1980’s. The use of historian argumentation, primary sources, such as Ronald Reagan’s Address to the Nation on Defense and National Security, and analytical essays by well known professors, such as John Gaddis’s excerpt from Major Problems in American History Since 1945 – titled â€Å"Ronald Reagan’s Cold War Victory† – will be utilized. The origins, purposes, values,†¦show more content†¦Evaluation of Sources â€Å"Ronald Reagan’s Cold War Victory†, written by John Lewis Gaddis in 1989, is an analytical essay from Major Problems in American History Since 1945, an educational book meant to introduce those interested in history to primary sources as well as essays written by noted historians. Gaddis wrote this essay with the purpose of educating individuals on the role that President Ronald Reagan played in the Cold War. The essay’s value is due to the fact that it was written by an individual who experienced these historical occurrences firsthand. Furthermore, Gaddis has become a noted historian with multiple publications on the topic of the Cold War. The limitation of the essay is that the information contained within it is based on facts known to the public as of 1989 – a date which does not necessarily come after the conclusion of the Cold War; ergo, the amount of declassified documents and available information to historians and the public would have been m inimal. Another valuable source to this investigation was â€Å"Ronald Reagan’s Address to the Nation on Defense and National Security.† The address took place on March 23, 1983. TheShow MoreRelatedIb Business Management 2013 Ia Guildline Booklet16033 Words   |  65 PagesIB Business Management 2013 Internal Assessment Standard Level Guidelines booklet Mark Lewis Jan 2013 Page 1 of 77 IB Business Management Internal Assessment Guidelines Standard Level – 2013 Index Page †¢ Templates †¢ IB Commentary on report structure †¢ IB SL IA criteria and mark bands from syllabus †¢ IB general commentary on SL IA from syllabus †¢ Sample IA’s with marks (IB sourced) †¢ General guide comments (IB Sourced) †¢ Recent IA questions at Carey †¢ General guide comments (IB Sourced) †¢ SubjectRead MoreIB EE GUIDE9051 Words   |  37 PagesCandidate performance against each criterion 26 Introduction The extended essay is an in-depth study of a focused topic chosen from the list of approved Diploma Programme subjects—normally one of the student’s six chosen subjects for the IB diploma. It is intended to promote high-level research and writing skills, intellectual discovery and creativity. It provides students with an opportunity to engage in personal research in a topic of their own choice, under the guidance of a supervisor